Two-Spirit
Two-Spirit oyo ke terimo ke zıwanê İngılızki ra yeno, İngılızki ra zi zıwanê şarê postesuran Ojibva niizh manidoowag ra ameo. Two-Spirit zıwanê ma de beno dı rohi yanê merdumo ke bawer beno ke dı rohê xo estê. Yew rohê cı mêrdek beno, rohê cıyê bini zi cêniye bena. Two-Spirit kulturê şarê Amerikayê postesuri de xeylê esto u miyanê inan de xeylê vêniyeno, qabul zi vêniyeno. Merdumo ke bawer beno ke dı rohê xo estê, bımbarek u firaz vêniyeno. Qalkerdışê xo goşdar beno, qısey xo keriyeno. Zımey (Şımal) Amerika de se u hirıs (130) ra zafêri qabile de kulturê Two Spiriti esto u vêniyao.[1]
Namekerdış
[bıvurne | çımeyi bıvurne]- Ojibvaki niizh manidoowag (harfiyên «dı rohıni» < niizh «dı» + manidoo «ruh/manitu»)[2]
- Lakotaki wíŋkte (arezey xo oyo ke geyo[3])
- Navahoki nádleehé («that which changes»[3])[4]
- Mohaveki hwame[5]
- Zuniki la’mana[6]
- Şayenki he-man-eh («nêm mêrdek, nêm cêniye»)[3]
- Apsalokeki boté («ne mêrdeko-ne cêniya»)[3]
- Şoşonice tanowaip («erkek-kadın»)[3]
- Tevaki kwidó («khalık-pirıke»)[3]
- Karankavaki monanguia[7]
Wezifa Two-Spiriti
[bıvurne | çımeyi bıvurne]Şarê postesuran de merdumê dı rohıni zaf wezifay keni, taê wezifeyanê inan: şıfa gırewtış, hewlnayış, tedawikerdış, kehanetvatış, tut u pıtan rê namedayış, cengan de doktoriyekerdış uêb.
Bibliyografiye
[bıvurne | çımeyi bıvurne]- Cameron, Michelle. (2005). Two-spirited Aboriginal people: Continuing cultural appropriation by non-Aboriginal society. Canadian Women Studies, 24 (2/3), 123–127.
- Conley, Craig. Oracle of the twofold deities.
- Hawkins, Philip Colin. (2012). New World Sodom: Biblical Tales of Conquest and Acculturation. Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, 15. http://ejhs.org/volume15/NewWorld.html
- Hemmilä, Anita. (2005). Ancestors of two-spirits: Representations of Native American third-gender males in historical documentation, A Critical Discourse Analysis in Anthropology, A Pro Gradu Thesis in English
- Jacobs, Sue-Ellen; Wesley Thomas, and Sabine Lang (Eds.). (1997). Two-spirit people: Native American gender identity, sexuality, and spirituality. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-02344-7, ISBN 0-252-06645-6.
- Lang, Sabine. (1998). Men as women, women as men: Changing gender in Native American cultures. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-74700-4, ISBN 0-292-74701-2.
- Medicine, Beatrice. (1997). Changing Native American roles in an urban context and changing Native American sex roles in an urban context. In S.-E. Jacobs, W. Thomas, & S. Lang (Eds.) (pp. 145–148).
- Roscoe, Will. (1991). The Zuni man-woman. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-1253-5.
- Roscoe, Will. (1998). Changing ones: Third and fourth genders in native North America. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-17539-6.
- Roscoe, Will; & Gay American Indians. (1988). Living the spirit: A gay American Indian anthology. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-01899-1.
- Schaeffer, Claude E. (1965). The Kutenai female berdache. Ethnohistory, 12 (3), 193–236.
- Schultz, James W. (1916). Blackfeet tales of Glacier National Park. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
- Schultz, James W. (1919). Running Eagle, the warrior girl. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
- Spanbauer, Tom. (1991). The man who fell in love with the moon: A novel. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 0-87113-468-3.
- Trexler, Richard C. (1995). Sex and conquest: Gendered violence, political order, and the European conquest of the Americas. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3224-3.
- Williams, Walter L. (1986). The spirit and the flesh: Sexual diversity in American Indian cultures. Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-4602-7.
- Williams, Walter L. & Toby Johnson. (2006) Two Spirits: A Story of Life With the Navajo. Maple Shade, NJ: Lethe Press. ISBN 1-59021-060-3
- Qwo-Li Driskill, Chris Finley, Brian Joseph Gilley, and Scott Lauria Morgensen, Eds. (2011) Queer Indigenous Studies: Critical Interventions in Theory, Politics, and Literature. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
- Wolf, Rope. Two-spirit: Belonging Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine (Film)
Bıvênên
[bıvurne | çımeyi bıvurne]Çımey
[bıvurne | çımeyi bıvurne]- ↑ Roscoe, Will (1991). The Zuni Man-Woman, p.5. ISBN 0-8263-1253-5.
- ↑ Jocelyn Baird, Just Semantics? The Battle Between Two-spirit and Berdache Archived 2010-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Anita Hemmilä (2005), Ancestors of two-spirits: Representations of Native American third-gender males in historical documentation, A Critical Discourse Analysis in Anthropology, A Pro Gradu Thesis in English
- ↑ Burrus, Virginia & Keller, Catherine (2006). Toward a theology of eros: transfiguring passion at the limits of discipline Transdisciplinary theological colloquia. Fordham University Press. ISBN 0-8232-2636-0, ISBN 978-0-8232-2636-8. p. 73.
- ↑ Conner, Sparks, and Sparks, eds. (1997) Cassell's Encyclopedia of Queer Myth, Symbol, and Spirit: Covering Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Lore.
- ↑ Lang, S. (1997). Various kinds of Two-Spirit people: Gender variance and homosexuality in Native American communities. In Jacobs, S., Thomas, W., & Lang, S. (Eds.) Two-Spirit people: Native American gender identity, sexuality, and spirituality (pp.100-118). Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
- ↑ De Solis, Fray Gaspar José. Diary, 1767. (Op.cit. "Karankawa".)
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